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Neuromechanics of orthoses refers to how the human body interacts with orthoses. Millions of people in the U.S. suffer from stroke, multiple sclerosis, postpolio, spinal cord injuries, or various other ailments that benefit from the use of orthoses.〔Dollar, Aaron M., and Hugh Herr. "Lower extremity exoskeletons and active orthoses: challenges and state-of-the-art." Robotics, IEEE Transactions on 24.1 (2008): 144-158.〕 Insofar as active orthoses and powered exoskeletons are concerned, the technology to build these devices is improving rapidly, but little research has been done on the human side of these human-machine interfaces. == Active orthoses == Active, or powered, orthoses differ from exoskeletons in that orthoses generally refer to assistive devices to help people with disabilities walk. Exoskeletons typically refer to devices intended to augment an otherwise healthy individual's movements. However, the terms "active orthosis" and "exoskeleton" are often used interchangeably. They can be made to either assist or resist the wearer's movement. Assisting movement is beneficial for rehabilitation,〔Ferris, Daniel P., Gregory S. Sawicki, and Antoinette R. Domingo. "Powered lower limb orthoses for gait rehabilitation." Topics in spinal cord injury rehabilitation 11.2 (2005): 34. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC1414628/〕〔Sawicki, Gregory S., Keith E. Gordon, and Daniel P. Ferris. "Powered lower limb orthoses: applications in motor adaptation and rehabilitation."Rehabilitation Robotics, 2005. ICORR 2005. 9th International Conference on. IEEE, 2005. http://www.kines.umich.edu/sites/webservices.itcs.umich.edu.drupal.kinesprod/files/resource_files/Sawicki2005.pdf 〕 for providing soldiers and nurses with increased strength to improve job performance,〔〔Ishii, Mineo, Keijiro Yamamoto, and Kazuhito Hyodo. "Stand-alone wearable power assist suit-Development and availability." Journal of robotics and mechatronics 17.5 (2005): 575. https://www.jstage.jst.go.jp/article/jsmec/45/3/45_3_703/_pdf〕 and for aiding people who have repetitive jobs, such as factory workers, to prevent injury. Lastly, this technology is also used to enable people who ordinarily cannot walk by their own means to walk ((eLEGS demonstration ))〔Kao, Pei-Chun, Cara L. Lewis, and Daniel P. Ferris. "Invariant ankle moment patterns when walking with and without a robotic ankle exoskeleton." Journal of biomechanics 43.2 (2010): 203-209. http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/articles/PMC2813403/〕 Powered orthoses have also been made to resist or alter movement.〔Gordon, Keith E., Catherine R. Kinnaird and Daniel P. Ferris. "Locomotor Adaptation to a Soleus EMG Controlled Antagonist Exoskeleton." Journal of Neurophysiology (2013)〕 The purpose of such orthoses is to study how the human body adapts to various difficulties. For example, if one muscle is restricted from movement, can our bodies figure out what other muscles to use instead? 抄文引用元・出典: フリー百科事典『 ウィキペディア（Wikipedia）』 ■ウィキペディアで「Neuromechanics of orthoses」の詳細全文を読む スポンサード リンク
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